31 research outputs found

    Collaborative stewardship in multifunctional landscapes: Toward relational, pluralistic approaches

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    Landscape stewardship offers a means to put social-ecological approaches to stewardship into practice. The growing interest in landscape stewardship has led to a focus on multistakeholder collaboration. Although there is a significant body of literature on collaborative management and governance of natural resources, the particular challenges posed by multifunctional landscapes, in which there are often contested interests, require closer attention. We present a case study from South Africa to investigate how collaborative stewardship can be fostered in contested multifunctional landscapes. We conducted this research through an engaged transdisciplinary research partnership in which we integrated social-ecological practitioner and academic knowledge to gain an in-depth understanding of the challenges of fostering collaboration. We identified five overarching factors that influence collaboration: contextual, institutional, social-relational, individual, and political-historical. Collaborative stewardship approaches focused on the development of formal governance institutions appear to be most successful if enabling individual and social-relational conditions are in place. Our case study, characterized by high social diversity, inequity, and contestation, suggests that consensus-driven approaches to collaboration are unlikely to result in equitable and sustainable landscape stewardship in such contexts. We therefore suggest an approach that focuses on enhancing individual and social-relational enablers. Moreover, we propose a bottom-up patchwork approach to collaborative stewardship premised on the notion of pluralism. This would focus on building new interpersonal relationships and collaborative capacity through small collective actions. Taking a relational, pluralistic approach to fostering collaborative stewardship is particularly important in contested, socially heterogeneous landscapes. Drawing on our study and the literature, we propose guiding principles for implementing relational, pluralistic approaches to collaborative stewardship and suggest future research directions for supporting such approaches

    OMUS : an optimized multimedia service for the home environment

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    Media content in home environments is often scattered across multiple devices in the home network. As both the available multimedia devices in the home (e.g., smartphones, tablets, laptops, game consoles, etc.) and the available content (video and audio) is increasing, interconnecting desired content with available devices is becoming harder and home users are experiencing difficulties in selecting interesting content for their current context. In this paper, we start with an analysis of the home environment by means of a user study. Information handling problems are identified and requirements for a home information system formulated. To meet these requirements we propose the OMUS home information system which includes an optimized content aggregation framework, a hybrid group-based contextual recommender system, and an overall web-based user interface making both content and recommendations available for all devices across the home network. For the group recommendations we introduced distinct weights for each user and showed that by varying the weights, the coverage (i.e., items that can be returned by the recommender) considerably increases. Also the addition of genre filter functionality was proven to further boost the coverage. The OMUS system was evaluated by means of focus groups and by qualitative and quantitative performance assessment of individual parts of the system. The modularity of internal components and limited imposed hardware requirements implies flexibility as to how the OMUS system can be deployed (ranging from e.g., embedded in hardware devices or more software services based)

    Non-classical ProIL-1beta activation during mammary gland infection is pathogen-dependent but caspase-1 independent

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    Infection of the mammary gland with live bacteria elicits a pathogen-specific host inflammatory response. To study these host-pathogen interactions wild type mice, NF-kappaB reporter mice as well as caspase-1 and IL-1beta knockout mice were intramammarily challenged with Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The murine mastitis model allowed to compare the kinetics of the induced cytokine protein profiles and their underlying pathways. In vivo and ex vivo imaging showed that E. coli rapidly induced NF-kappaB inflammatory signaling concomitant with high mammary levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1 alpha and MCP-1 as determined by multiplex analysis. In contrast, an equal number of S. aureus bacteria induced a low NF-kappaB activity concomitant with high mammary levels of the classical IL-1beta fragment. These quantitative and qualitative differences in local inflammatory mediators resulted in an earlier neutrophil influx and in a more extensive alveolar damage post-infection with E. coli compared to S. aureus. Western blot analysis revealed that the inactive proIL-1beta precursor was processed into pathogen-specific IL-1beta fragmentation patterns as confirmed with IL-1beta knockout animals. Additionally, caspase-1 knockout animals allowed to investigate whether IL-1beta maturation depended on the conventional inflammasome pathway. The lack of caspase-1 did not prevent extensive proIL-1beta fragmentation by either of S. aureus or E. coli. These non-classical IL-1beta patterns were likely caused by different proteases and suggest a sentinel function of IL-1beta during mammary gland infection. Thus, a key signaling nodule can be defined in the differential host innate immune defense upon E. coli versus S. aureus mammary gland infection, which is independent of caspase-1

    A Global Partnership For Ecosystem Services

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    The article offers information on the participation of the Baviaanskloof Mega Reserve in the Ecosystem Services Partnership (ESP) in South Africa. It mentions that an active group of scientists has been working with the local and ESP to restore the Mega Reserve using the ecosystem services. The group combines a learning village to raise awareness of the project and a tree nursery that specializes in indigenous species

    De arbeidsparticipatie van Vlaamse scholieren

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    status: publishe

    Scholieren met bijbaantjes: een bedreiging of een troef? De mening van de leraar

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    In dit artikel wordt op basis van een peiling bij 251 leraren een beeld gegeven van hoe leraren in het secundair of voortgezet onderwijs staan tegenover leerlingenarbeid. Hun attitude ten aanzien van leerlingenarbeid wordt in verband gebracht met hun meer algemene affiniteit met ervaringsgericht leren en met leraar-, klas- en functiekenmerken. De resultaten tonen dat leraren zowel kansen als valkuilen zien. Toch is er een relatief overwicht van de argumenten pro ten aanzien van de argumenten tegen. De leraren zien in leerlingenarbeid mogelijkheden voor competentieontwikkeling en ookvoor het opbouwen van realistische verwachtingen ten aanzien van werken. Oververmoeidheid als gevolg van het combineren van werken en naar school gaan zien ze als een reëel risico. De attitude ten aanzien van leerlingenarbeid verschilt sterk tussen de leraren. De lesanciënniteit en het vakgebied kunnen het verschil in attitude ten aanzien van leerlingenarbeid deels verklaren. Jonge leraren staan positiever tegenover leerlingenarbeid, wat voor een deel kan worden toegeschreven aan hun grotere affiniteit met ervaringsleren. Deopenheid van leraren ten opzichte van leerlingenarbeid kan gezien worden als een draagvlak om 'buitenschools leren door werkervaring' te verbinden met de vakgebonden of vakoverschrijdende eindtermen

    Scholieren met bijbaantjes: een bedreiging of een troef? De mening van de leraar

    No full text
    In dit artikel wordt op basis van een peiling bij 251 leraren een beeld gegeven van hoe leraren in het secundair of voortgezet onderwijs staan tegenover leerlingenarbeid. Hun attitude ten aanzien van leerlingenarbeid wordt in verband gebracht met hun meer algemene affiniteit met ervaringsgericht leren en met leraar-, klas- en functiekenmerken. De resultaten tonen dat leraren zowel kansen als valkuilen zien. Toch is er een relatief overwicht van de argumenten pro ten aanzien van de argumenten tegen. De leraren zien in leerlingenarbeid mogelijkheden voor competentieontwikkeling en ook voor het opbouwen van realistische verwachtingen ten aanzien van werken. Oververmoeidheid als gevolg van het combineren van werken en naar school gaan zien ze als een reëel risico. De attitude ten aanzien van leerlingenarbeid verschilt sterk tussen de leraren. De lesanciënniteit en het vakgebied kunnen het verschil in attitude ten aanzien van leerlingenarbeid deels verklaren. Jonge leraren staan positiever tegenover leerlingenarbeid, wat voor een deel kan worden toegeschreven aan hun grotere affiniteit met ervaringsleren. De openheid van leraren ten opzichte van leerlingenarbeid kan gezien worden als een draagvlak om ‘buitenschools leren door werkervaring’ te verbinden met de vakgebonden of vakoverschrijdende eindtermen.status: publishe
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